To investigate the effects of water deficit stress and bio and non-bio fertilizers on Thymus Vulgaris, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 in Asgarya agricultural field in Yazd. The treatments included water tension: W1=7 (Control), W2=12 and W3=17 days irrigation intervals as the main factor and bio and non - bio fertilizers at five levels including B1= control (without fertilizer), B2= endo mycorrhiza (Glomus), B3= Azospirillum bacteria, B4= Pseudomonas bacteria and B5= chemical fertilizer (NPK) a sub – factors. Results showed that the highest flowering branches yield, a, b, and total chlorophylls and nitrogen and phosphorus elements were observed in 17 days of irrigation (W3). 12 days of irrigation treatment (W2) showed the highest potassium element rate. The highest a, b and chlorophylls and nitrogen were observed in Azospirillum treatment (B3). The highest total chlorophyll, phosphorus element, carotenoids and flavonoids were observed in Pseudomonas treatment (B4); the highest potassium element rate were obtained in mycorrhiza treatment (B2); the highest flowering branches yield were observed in NPK treatment (B5) and control (B1) treatment resulted in the highest anthocyanin

Introduction: Sugarcane cultivation has been revived in Khuzestan province of Iran since the 1960s and due to good results, it gradually began to grow from north to south of this region. Currently, sugarcane is cultivated in more than 100, 000 hectares of the provinceand almost 25% of the country needs for sugar arebeing produced in this region. Sugarcane fields of Khuzestan province are mainly rich in lime percentage and poor in organic matter and phosphorus. Soil pH in this region of the country also is about 8-8. 5 and phosphorus uptake by plants and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in these soils (alkaline and calcareous soils) are expected to be low. The optimum use of phosphorus fertilizer and proper phosphorus uptake is essential for the quantitative and qualitative function of sugarcane plants. Due to the very low mobility of phosphorus in the soil, its uptake by plants such as sugar cane is affected by number of soil and plant factors (especially plant root characteristics). Changes in these factors can lead to a reduction or increase of P uptake by the crop. Materials and Methods: Because of the role of organic compounds in the improvement of mobility and phosphorus uptake, the use of organic material has been considered in many types of research. Organic compounds can play a direct and indirect role in plant factors and in phosphorous uptake improvement. In this regard, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in 2016-2017 at Farabi Agro Industry Co, 35 km south of Ahvaz, Iran (48º 36' E, 30º 59' N). This research carried out by using three levels of humic acid (immersion of settes in three concentrations of 0, 0. 3 and 0. 5% of humic acid) as well as three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (triple super phosphate) 0, 50 % and 100% of the recommended amount in the region (250 kg/ha) in two different harvesting periods (45 and 90 days after planting). The experiment set up as a factorial, based on complete randomized design with three replicates. In this experiment, the effects of different levels of phosphorous fertilizers and humic acid on aerial part (shoot height, shoot dry weight), underground part (root length, root dry weight and root hair length), and also root CEC of sugar cane plant in two harvest times were studied. Finally, uptake and influx of phosphorus in different treatments were investigated. Results and Discussion: As the results show, although the range of the changes was different, the use of humic acid can improve almost all of these factors. Shoot height, shoot dry weight in humic acid treatments showed a significant increase in both harvests compared to non-used humic acid treatments and also in phosphorus fertilizer treatments as the fertilizer levels rose. These results show that humic acid can increase the uptake of phosphorus from the soil reservoir (treatments without phosphorus fertilizer) and source of soil and phosphorus fertilizer (phosphorus fertilizer treatments). The underground plant parts have also shown similar results. Root length and root dry weights have also been shown positive results in humic acid treatments. Therefore, an increase in phosphorus uptake in nonuse phosphorous fertilizer treatments or phosphorous fertilizer treatments, along with humic acid, relative to nonhumic acid treatments could be explained. The humic acid application seems to increase the uptake capacity of phosphorus from soil and fertilizer sources by increasing root length and root dry weight. In addition, the use of humic acid in alkaline soil can increase the solubility of phosphorus in water and therefore the phosphorus uptake by the roots of the plant could be increased. Based on the results, using humic acid due to improved phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency, phosphorous uptake by plant is expected to be increased and hence the fertilizer use would be reduced. Phosphorus influx results had not the same direction with uptake and application of phosphorus fertilizer. P influx results showed an inverse relationship with root length. In other words, phosphorus uptake was more dependent on the root growth. Conclusion: This study showed that it is possible to use humic acid in the practical form during the cultivating of sugarcane setts, but it seems that further research is needed to examine other important points such as the use of humic acid during plant growth season and other its application forms, such as spraying or application in irrigation water.

To investigate the effect of application of bio-fertilizer (Barvar-2) and possibility of replacement with phosphorus chemical fertilizer a factorial experiment performed based on completely randomized block design with three replication in Agricultural station of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz during 2014. Experimental treatments consisted of phosphorus biological fertilizer in two levels (without and application of Barvar-2) and chemical fertilizer in three levels: 0, 50 and 100% of recommended dose according to soil analysis (equal 75 kg. ha-1). The results showed that the two phosphorus fertilizer levels were same increase on grain yield and this trait and increased about 34 and 33. 1 as compared to control respectively. Level of 50% of phosphorus chemical fertilizer via increase of grain number in bush and 100% grain weight caused increase in grain yield. While in comparison level of 100% phosphorus chemical fertilizer only with increase in number of grains were increased grain yield. The amount of increase in grain number in bush under 50 and 100% of phosphorus chemical fertilizer was 18. 7 and 31. 2% respectively. The 100-grain weight of lentil increase 17% with application of 50% phosphorus chemical fertilizer. For traits: Leaf area index, Chlorophyll index and Dry weight of leaf were not significantly different between 50 and 100% of phosphorus chemical fertilizer. Application of biofertilizer had the significant effect in grain yield of lentil. Application of Barvar-2 had 18. 2% increases in grain yield of lentil in comparison with control. Increase in grain yield under effect of bio-fertilizer application only in relation to increase in grain number in bush and 100-grain weight not affected. With regard to these results, it can be said that application of 50% phosphorus chemical fertilizer with Barvar-2 had optimum amount in grain yield of lentil and that suggested for this region.

In order to study the effect of amounts, methods of application and sources of Phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield of wheat as well as total Phosphorus uptake, an experiment was conducted in two cropping years (2007-2009) in Safi-Abad Agr. Res. Cen of Dezful, Iran. The experiment design was a completely randomized block with factorial arrangement with three relplications and 16 treatments. The first factor was at four levels of Phosphorus fertilizer consisting of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 times to Phosphorus fertilizer recommended on the basis of soil testing, equivalent with 50, 100 and 150 kg Phosphorus fertilizer per ha, the second factor consisting of methods of applying Phosphorus fertilizer including band and broadcast and mixed with surface soil and third factors consisting of source of Phosphorus fertilizer type tripel superphosphate and phosphate diamonium. The results showed that Phosphorus different levels and the applying fertilizer type on grain yield, straw yield and 1000-grain weight were significant. The method of fertilizer application on straw yield was significant, only. The highest grain yield (5316 kg ha-1) was due to application of 50 kg Phosphorus fertilizer as phosphate diamonium. Method of P application on harvest index was significant, only. The effect of levels of Phosphorus fertilizer and method of its application on total uptake of Phosphorus was significant. The effect of experiment treatments on Phosphorus utilization efficiency and harvest index of Phosphorus was not significant.

Uptake and use efficiencies of phosphorus and some other nutrients affected by rate of phosphorus fertilizer and bio-fertilizers application. This experiment carried out to evaluate the effect of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers on the phosphorus uptake and use efficiency in rapeseed in a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, in 2019. The first factor included zero, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and the second factor included phosphorus biofertilizer containing Pseudomonas and its non-use. Phosphorous increased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The highest yield was obtained from 125 kg of phosphorus and phosphorus biofertilizer. With the consumption of 125 kg of phosphorus and biofertilizer, the highest phosphorus use efficiency and remobilization was achieved. The highest phosphorus harvest index was obtained from the applying 50 kg of phosphorus and no biofertilizer, and the highest phosphorus utilization efficiency was obtained from the applying 50 kg of phosphorus along with biofertilizer. Generally, using biofertilizer with phosphorus increased nutrients uptake and seed yield. In traits such as grain yield, grain and shoot phosphorus content, there was no significant difference between the application of 50 kg of phosphorus + bacteria with the application of higher levels of phosphorus fertilizer alone, therefore, biological fertilizer can be substituted a significant part of chemical phosphorus fertilizer.

Soil enzymes are considered as a measure of soil biological status. Phosphatase enzymes (alkaline and acid) are very important because of their role in converting organic to inorganic phosphorus and improving plant nutrition. Various factors such as organic compounds and phosphate fertilizers affect the activity of these enzymes. In this study, the effect of humic acid and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on soil rhizosphere phosphatase enzymes, active carbon and P uptake by sugarcane was investigated, conducting a greenhouse pot experiment in south west of Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial based on complete randomized design, in three levels of P application as triple super phosphate (0, 50% and 100 % of recommended phosphorus application, 250 kg. ha-1, in the region), four humic acid treatments (three immersion levels of setts in 0, 0. 3 and 0. 5% solution of humic acid as well as application of 30 mg humic acid per kg soil treatment) and two harvesting time (45 and 90 days after planting). The results showed that in non-fertilized treatment, the use of humic acid (especially in the form of cuttings immersion) increased P uptake by about twice at the first harvest and by 30% at the second harvest compared to the control treatment. Improvement of P uptake in the soil with deficit P was due to changes in activated carbon in the rhizosphere and also the impact on density and activity of microorganisms and the activity of enzymes such as phosphatase, which increases the availability of P in the vicinity of the plant root. By increasing the phosphorus application, the activity of the alkaline phodphatase enzyme decreased and reached to the minimum measured value dry soil (17% Less than the control).

To investigate simultaneous effects of Thiobacillus bacteria, sulfur, and organic fertilizer treatments on chemical forms and quantity of phosphorus absorption by corn, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design using eight treatments and three replications in a greenhouse located in Hashtgerd, in 2014. Treatments included control, Thiobacillus, sulfur, organic fertilizer, and two ways and three ways combinations of these factors. Results showed that the highest and lowest yield, root dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot weight, and phosphorus uptake were obtained in the Thiobacillus + sulfur +organic fertilizer treatment and control treatment (without any added Thiobacillus, sufur, and organic fertilizer), respectively. Thiobacillus + sulfur +organic fertilizer treatment caused significant change in inorganic and organic phosphorus elements and enhanced available phosphorus in soil, so that the highest available phosphorus was related to the treatment number eight with 16. 22 mg/kg soil and this treatment showed four more mg of available phosphorus compared with control treatment. On the other hand, the Thiobacillus +sulfur treatment resulted in more reduction in mineral forms of phosphorus including dicalcium phosphate and apatite joint phosphorus compared with other treatments. The most organic and total phosphorus in soil was observed in sulfur + organic phosphorus and Thiobacillus + organic phosphorus treatment, respectively. Taken together, results of this study showed that using Thiobacillus bacteria along with sulfur and organic fertilizer would result in enhanced phosphorus uptake and improved phosphorus status in the plant, which would cause more reduction in chemical fertilizers in extensive scale.

The effect of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates were examined on herbage production of sainfoin cultivar namely, Shahrekordi. Study was conducted at Homand research station with clay- loam texture soils for 6 years in 1993-1998. Split plot design with 4 replications were used in this Experiment. The main plots were P205 with five levels of 0- 30 -45 - 60 and 75 kg/ha, and sub plots were seed rates wi~ four levels of 15- 25-35-45 kg/ha.Dry matter production, plant density, Plant height and plant mortality of sainfoin were measured each year in growing season. Collected data were analyzed each year and finally for six years.Dry matter production varied each year, due to different environmental conditions. Fertilizer and seed rate treatments influenced dry matter production in some years of Study period. The combined effects of seed and fertilizer treatments increased dry matter production. The treatments of seed (45Kg/ha) +phosphorus (75Kg/ha) and seed rate (15Kg/ha) +phosphorus (60Kg/ha) were the best, with 1143.2 and 1135.6 kg/ha dry matter production. The treatment of seed rate (45Kg/ha) +control (0kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer) with 882.4 kg/ha produced the lowest amount of forage yield, overall results showed that the effect of treatments were not significant on plant density and plant heights in 1995 and 1998, but the seed rates affected these factors in 1996-97.

In order to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilizer on yield ,oil and canola protein Hyola 401 cultivar in dry farming in different groups of soil phosphorus fertility sixteen experiments in four areas and in each area four experiments in four groups of phosphorus usable for the soil (less than 3 ppm, 3-6 ppm, 6-10 ppm and more than 10 ppm) was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design in 4 phosphorus fertilizer treatments (0, 25, 50, 75, kgs of P2O5 in each hectare) from the triple super phosphorus source with four repetitions in the city of Behbahan in cropping years (2008-2010). The obtained results showed that phosphorus fertilizer treatments in all soil fertility groups had no significant effect on grain yield, number of capsules, number of grain in the capsule, 1000 -grain weight, percentage of oil and percentage of protein. Also, interaction (phosphorus fertilizer ´ fertility groups) in all soil phosphorus fertility groups had no significant effect on the measured factors.